![]() The boss of a company will collect information from a number of different sources. They also select strategies for dealing with problems, but like any person in the company, the boss can only do a limited number of things at the same time. The company boss makes decisions about which issues deserve attention and which should be ignored. The central executive enables the working memory system to selectively attend to some stimuli and ignore others.īaddeley (1986) uses the metaphor of a company boss to describe the way in which the central executive operates. This is unlike the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, which are specialized storage systems. However, despite its importance in the working-memory model, we know considerably less about this component than the two subsystems it controls.īaddeley suggests that the central executive acts more like a system which controls attentional processes rather than as a memory store. The central executive is the most versatile and important component of the working memory system. The central executive directs attention and gives priority to particular activities. Rather than hitting a cyclist who is wobbling all over the road, it is preferable to stop talking and concentrate on driving. For example, two activities sometimes come into conflict, such as driving a car and talking. The central executive decides which information is attended to and which parts of the working memory to send that information to be dealt with. It is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the operation of the slave systems (i.e., visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop) and relates them to long term memory (LTM). The central executive is the most important component of the model, although little is known about how it functions. ![]() The model proposes that every component of working memory has a limited capacity, and also that the components are relatively independent of each other. The phonological loop is assumed to be responsible for the manipulation of speech based information, whereas the visuospatial sketchpad is assumed to be responsible for manipulating visual images. The Working Memory Model Components (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974)The labels given to the components (see fig 2) of the working memory reflect their function and the type of information they process and manipulate. Articulatory control process (inner voice) processes speech production, and rehearses and stores verbal information from the phonological store.įig 2.Phonological Store (inner ear) processes speech perception and stores spoken words we hear for 1-2 seconds.It is subdivided into the phonological store (which holds information in a speech-based form) and the articulatory process (which allows us to repeat verbal information in a loop). The phonological loop is a component of working memory model that deals with spoken and written material. However, instead of all information going into one single store, there are different systems for different types of information. The Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974) Therefore, whereas short-term memory can only hold information, working memory can both retainin and process information.įig 1. This means it is a single system (or store) without any subsystems. Whereas working memory is a multi-component system (auditory, and visual). However, as a result of this research, it became apparent that there were a number of problems with their ideas concerning the characteristics of short-term memory.īaddeley and Hitch (1974) argue that the picture of short-term memory (STM) provided by the Multi-Store Model is far too simple.Īccording to the Multi-Store Model, STM holds limited amounts of information for short periods of time with relatively little processing. Working memory theories assume that complex reasoning and learning tasks require a mental workspace to hold and manipulate information.Ītkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model was extremely successful in terms of the amount of research it generated.Working memory is important for reasoning, learning and comprehension.Working memory is a multi-component system which includes the central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer.Working memory is a limited capacity store for retaining information for a brief period while performing mental operations on that information.
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